The Roman Empire’s history began in 753 BCE with the legendary founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus. Rome, previously a small city-state, Rome’s strategic location along the Tiber River allowed it to expand through military conquest and alliances. Rome transformed from monarchy to republic sometime around 509 BCE, possessing a highly developed system of…

China’s evolution from a largely rural society to a preeminent world power is one of the greatest 20th and 21st-century tales. During the last forty years, the country has enjoyed unparalleled economic expansion, technological development, and rising geopolitical power. This emergence has transformed world relations, challenging established Western hegemony and placing China at the center…

As the Roman Empire collapsed and central authority was rendered weak, Western Europe sank into an era of insecurity with the relentless invasions. As a reaction to this disorder, a new form of reciprocal dependence came into being: feudalism. A decentralized arrangement, it was founded on the gift of land, termed a fief, in exchange…